SINO-TIBET, reign of Qianlong (1735-1796), 34th year of the - Lot 55

SINO-TIBET, reign of Qianlong (1735-1796), 34th year of the Qianlong emperor, 4th month and 15th day Exceptional set of Sutra books (incomplete) comprising 40 illustrated, illuminated leaves/boards depicting deities, including major Buddhas, Bodhisattavas, patron deities, meditative Tantric deities, masters and lineages, accompanied by calligraphy in four identified languages, including traditional Mandarin, ancient Mongolian, Manchu and Tibetan, in ink, color (natural pigments) and gold highlights on gold-studded beige card stock known as "San Jin Zhi". The sheets can be divided into three parts according to the ancient script. The Chinese part comprises : - 12 leaves/boards, eight of which depict 48 images of deities accompanied by their legends, a title page with panoramic reverse depicting the deity Sakyamuni surrounded by two disciples and three calligraphic plates evoking the name of the sutra called "Dabeixin Chan Fa Yi Gui jing", the second plate evoking the methodology of pronouncing the ancient scriptures and the name of a sacred Tibetan lama who is said to have supervised this project, "Changkya Rolpe Donje (May 20, 1717-1786)", dated on one page to 1769. The part in traditional Mongolian and Manchu script comprising : - 20 sheets/boards representing 106 images and two panoramics, one of which depicts Sakyamuni surrounded by two worshippers and one of the dharma guardians. The Tibetan part includes : - 8 sheets of 48 images depicting captioned deities. Wear, folds, one torn, stains. Dim. per deity approx. 9.4 x 4 cm Size of large cartouche: 10 x 37 cm This work was part of Qianlong's strategy to legitimize his authority over the Tibetan, Mongol and Manchu populations. The lama Changkya Rolpé Dorje, the most influential Tibetan figure at the Qing court, worked with the emperor to shape a hegemonic vision of Buddhism, destined to transcend ethnic and geographical boundaries. A scholar with a command of several languages, he directed the doctrinal revision of texts, supervised Lamai rituals, guided iconography and mandalas, and helped unify religious vocabulary throughout the empire. A central figure between Beijing, Lhasa and the Mongol elites, the Changkya Lama played an essential role in an intrinsically fragile Manchu empire, made up of heterogeneous Han, Mongol, Tibetan and Manchu populations, requiring forms of legitimization adapted to each. In this context, the quadrilingual sutras were not only spiritual or artistic in nature, but also a major political instrument. 汉-藏，乾隆年间（1735-1796年），乾隆三十四年四月十五日 一套珍贵的经文（有缺页），包含四十张彩绘图卡，图卡上为描绘诸佛菩萨、护法神、密宗禅修神、上师及传承等神祇的唐卡，并有四种语言的文字：传统汉语、古蒙古语、满语和古藏语。书法和唐卡以墨、天然颜料和金箔，画于米色洒金卡纸上。 根据古代文字，这些插图可分为三类。 汉字部分包括： - 十二张图卡，其中八张为描绘48尊神像的唐卡及其说明文字；扉页背面为全景图，展现了释迦牟尼佛被两位弟子环绕的场景；三张书法图版，题写经文名为《大悲心忏法仪轨经》。第二张图卡解释了古代文字的读音方法，并提及一位指导此经书的藏传佛教国师喇嘛 "章嘉若白多杰（1717年5月20日-1786年）"的名字，其中一页标注日期为1769年。 古蒙古文和满文部分包括： - 二十张图卡，描绘106尊神像和两幅全景图的唐卡，其中一幅描绘了释迦牟尼佛被两位信众和一位护法环绕的场景。 古藏文部分包括： - 8 张，共 48 幅，描绘诸神及其说明文字。 其中一张有磨损、折痕、破损、污渍 每幅神像尺寸约为：9.4 x 4 厘米 图卡尺寸：10 x 37 厘米 此作品使乾隆帝巩固了藏、蒙、满、汉的团结。清廷中最具影响力的藏族代表--国师喇嘛章嘉若白多杰与乾隆帝，共同打造出旨在超越民族和地域界限的佛教愿景。章嘉若白多杰精通多种语言，他指导了经文的教义修订，监督喇嘛仪式，指导佛像和坛城的绘制，并为统一规范宗教词汇做出了贡献。 作为北京、拉萨和蒙古精英之间的核心人物，章嘉国师在多民族融合的清廷中扮演着至关重要的角色。 在此背景下，四语经书不仅具有极高的宗教价值及艺术价值，更是反应了清朝时期的民族大融合。 ! 重要信息！ 此拍品需向拍卖行缴纳20,000欧元的保证金（参与拍卖的注册费）。此拍品不设现场竞拍。 此保证金不